Prostate cancer
Prostate cancer does not usually cause symptoms in the early stages.
To cause symptoms, the cancer needs to be big enough to press on the tube you pass urine through ( ). But most prostate cancers start to grow in the outer part of the prostate gland. This means that in the early stages, they don’t press on the urethra. So they don’t change the way you pass urine.
Urinary symptoms such as difficulty passing urine are rarely caused by prostate cancer. They are much more likely to be symptoms of non cancerous condition. This condition is called .
Prostate cancer can spread to other parts of the body. This is called advanced or metastatic prostate cancer. It can cause symptoms such as:
back or bone pain that doesn’t go away with rest
tiredness
weight loss for no reason
Find out more about the symptoms of metastatic prostate cancer
As men get older their prostate gland enlarges. This is a common condition called benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). As the prostate gland enlarges, it can press on the urethra and bladder. This can affect how you pass urine and cause symptoms such as:
passing urine more often during the day or night - this is called nocturia
a weaker flow when passing urine
urgency to pass urine
not emptying your bladder completely
straining when starting to empty your bladder
BPH does not develop into cancer. But you can have an enlarged prostate at the same time as having areas of cancer cells in the prostate gland.
It’s important to see your GP if you have symptoms of BPH. The symptoms don't mean that you have prostate cancer, but it is important to get them checked. As part of investigating the cause of the symptoms, you might have a blood test called a PSA test. This is one of the tests doctors use to help diagnose prostate cancer.
Last reviewed: 22 May 2025
Next review due: 22 May 2028
Your GP will ask about your general health and any urinary symptoms you may have. They may also do some general tests and examine your prostate gland.
Tests for prostate cancer can include a digital rectal examination (DRE), PSA test and a MRI scan.
The symptoms of metastatic or advanced prostate cancer depend on where the cancer has spread to. They might include bone pain and tiredness.
Prostate cancer is cancer of the prostate gland. The prostate gland is part of the male reproductive system, and is at the base of the bladder.
Your GP should arrange for you to see a prostate cancer specialist if you have symptoms that could be due to prostate cancer.
Prostate cancer is cancer that starts in the prostate gland. The prostate gland is found at the base of the bladder and is about the size of a walnut.
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