Echinacea

What is echinacea?

Echinacea is a wild herb. It grows in the Great Plains and eastern parts of North America. It is also grown in Europe.

Common names for echinacea include:

• coneflower, purple coneflower or American coneflower

• Kansas snakeroot

• black sampson or sampson root

There are different varieties including:

• echinacea purpurea

• echinacea angustifolia

• echinacea pallida

Manufacturers make a liquid extract from the leaves, roots or the whole plant.

Echinacea is mostly available as the herbal remedy echinacea purpurea. Some preparations do not say which variety they contain.

There is no scientific evidence to use it as a treatment for cancer in humans.

Manufacturers of echinacea promote it as a supplement. They say it can prevent and lessen the symptoms of the common cold, flu and infections of the airways. It might also work as an antiseptic and help wounds to heal.

Why people with cancer use it

A survey in America looked into complementary and alternative medicine use in adults. They found that echinacea was the most used natural product.

There is no evidence that echinacea can help with cancer. But some people take it because they believe it might:

• boost their immune system

• fight their cancer

• give them some control over their cancer and its treatment

• treat their cancer if conventional treatment can no longer offer a possible cure

Laboratory and animal studies of echinacea have shown that it stimulated immune cells. It also prevented inflammation. But there are no clinical trial results to show this in humans. Studies in humans only showed changes to the immune system.

There is continuing research into its use to fight infections, viruses and cancer. In laboratory studies on human colon cancer cells echinacea caused cell death. But this is not enough evidence to use it as a treatment for cancer.

 In some studies researchers found that echinacea could cause chemotherapy to work less well. And it could cause side effects.

How you have it

Echinacea comes as:

• capsules

• a liquid to dilute and drink

• an ointment

• injections in some European countries (not available in the USA)

You can buy many echinacea products from:

• health food stores

• chemists

• over the internet

Dosages may vary because of different species in tinctures, tablets and liquids. There is no standard dose.

Some herbalists say you shouldn’t take echinacea for longer than 8 weeks. This is due to possible side effects. But a study in Cardiff in 2012 seemed to show that it is safe to take for up to 4 months.

You can also buy echinacea ointment to help heal skin wounds. Echinacea injections are available in some European countries but not in America.

In Europe, only buy registered products under the Traditional Herbal Remedies (THR) scheme. Registered remedies under the scheme have a THR mark and symbol on the packaging. THR products have had tests for quality and safety.

Side effects

Echinacea is generally safe to take, and severe side effects seem rare.

The more common side effects of echinacea include:

• headaches

• dizziness

• feeling sick

• stomach ache

• constipation

• skin reactions (redness, itchiness and swelling) – these are more common in children

Using echinacea for longer than 8 weeks at a time might damage your liver or suppress your immune system. Herbalists recommend not to take echinacea if you are taking medicines known to affect your liver.

Check with your doctor first if you are having any other drugs, herbs, or supplements.

There is also a rare chance of a serious allergic reaction to echinacea.

Using echinacea safely

Tell your doctor if you want to replace your cancer treatment with echinacea. Also, if you are thinking of taking it alongside your cancer treatment.

It might be safe to use alongside your other cancer treatment. But with some people, it is not.

Echinacea might interfere with how certain chemotherapy drugs, such as etoposide, work.

Pharmacists and doctors sometimes recommend people with lymphoma not to take echinacea. This is because it could interfere with their treatment.

Talk to your doctor before taking echinacea if you:

• are pregnant or breastfeeding

• have a medical condition that affects your immune system, such as an autoimmune disease, HIV or AIDS

• are taking drugs to suppress your immune system, as it may work against them

• are under the age of 12 – the medical health regulatory association (MHRA) says there is a risk of allergic reactions such as skin rashes

Always ask your doctors and nurses about using complementary or alternative cancer therapies. They might interact with your other treatments.

If your treatment team don’t have the information you need, they can direct you to other people who can help.

How much it costs

Echinacea is sold in health food shops, chemists and over the internet. The price can vary depending on:

• the dose

• the amount you buy

• where you buy it (health food shops, chemist or online)

Read more about the cost of complementary and alternative therapies