Sex and cancer for women
All cancer treatments such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy, have side effects. Loss of fertility is one of them. This means that you will no longer be able to get pregnant. It might be temporary but sometimes it is permanent. Infertility can be very hard to come to terms with. The sense of loss can be strong for people of all ages.
It is important to discuss your fertility with your doctor before starting your treatment. This can help your doctor consider a treatment which is less likely to cause infertility. If you have a partner, they might want to join in during the discussion. That way you can both talk over your feelings and discuss your options.
Before starting treatment it might be possible to store (freeze):
an embryo (fertilized egg)
an oocyte (unfertilised egg)
ovarian tissue
The fertilisation rate for frozen eggs is low. But it is improving as researchers develop better techniques.
Research is looking into removing ovarian tissue and freezing it before chemotherapy starts. The idea is that after treatment, the ovarian tissue can be put back. If the ovarian tissue then starts working normally, eggs can be produced and fertility is preserved.
It is still too early to tell if this will work well enough to be more widely available. But, so far, the results look promising. At the moment there are only a few centres in the UK offering this service. Talk to your doctor if you want to know more.
Read more about chemotherapy and fertility
It can be very difficult to learn that you might no longer be able to have children. Not everyone is sure if they want children. But having the choice taken away can be very difficult to cope with.
People might react in different ways. It can be devastating if you wanted to have a child, or wanted more children. Some people are able to accept it and feel that coping with cancer is more important. Others seem to accept the news calmly when they start treatment. But find it hits them later when the treatment is over.
You may feel you have lost a part of yourself and are less feminine if you can't have children. You may be very sad or angry that the treatment has caused changes to your body. This can affect your self confidence.
There are other options you could consider if cancer has affected your fertility:
using donor eggs
using donated sperm so doctors can freeze embryos rather than eggs
using donated embryos
surrogacy (when another woman carries the baby for you)
adoption
These are difficult decisions and some options may not be straightforward. For example, some of them aren’t always funded by the NHS. There is also a shortage of donors.
You can discuss these options with your fertility expert. Many people find it helpful talking to a counsellor about all the issues involved.
You can also read more about these fertility treatments on the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA) website.
Visit the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority website
It can help to talk to a close friend or relative. Or you may prefer to talk to someone outside your circle of family and friends.
Ask your chemotherapy nurse about available counselling and support groups. Speaking with people who understand and have gone through similar things can be a great comfort. You can also look in our counselling section for information about finding a counsellor.
You and your partner may want to speak to a therapist or counsellor specialising in fertility problems. Ask your doctor or cancer nurse about this.
You may also find some of the books in our general reading list useful. Some are written by patients who have coped with infertility. They can give you support and ideas to help you come to terms with infertility.
Go to our resources and support page
Cancer Chat is our online, fully moderated forum. It’s your safe place to connect with others affected by cancer, share experiences and get support.
Cancer, Fertility and Me is a website. It is for people with cancer who are having treatment that may affect their fertility, or chances of becoming pregnant in the future.
It is written by fertility doctors, specialist nurses, psychologists and other professionals.
It aims to help people think about the treatments which may help to preserve their fertility. It also aims to help you prepare to talk with your healthcare team, partner, family and friends about fertility preservation before cancer treatment starts.
Fertility Network UK have information on the emotional impact of infertility. They have
tips on coping strategies
information for partners and friends
support and guidance around life without children
Go to the Fertility Network UK website
Trekstock is a charity working to support the needs of young adults in their 20s and 30s who have been diagnosed with cancer. They have information and videos on their website about how cancer can affect fertility in women. They highlight a number of ways you can get support.
Find out more on the Trekstock website
That Cancer Conversation is Cancer Research UK's podcast. In the episode exploring infertility and cancer, we chat with people whose cancer journey has had an impact on their fertility.
It also features Professor Richard Anderson, Deputy Director of the University of Edinburgh’s Centre for Reproductive Health. We explore options that are available and what the future of fertility medicine could look like.
Last reviewed: 08 Oct 2024
Next review due: 08 Oct 2027
Chemotherapy can affect a woman’s fertility. There are treatments that might be able to help. If you're pregnant at diagnosis, talk to your doctor.
There are lots of organisations, support groups and helpful books to help you cope with changes to your sex life or sexuality.
Cancer and its treatment can make you lose interest in having sex. For many people this is temporary.
Cancer and its treatments might affect your sex life. It can help to know what is normal for you so that you can understand any changes that happen.
Search for the cancer type you want to find out about. Each section has detailed information about symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, research and coping with cancer.
Cancer and its treatments can affect sex and sexuality. Get information and support for people with cancer, partners and single people.
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